Pipe of cement or reenforced cement



B. E. MONTI-:ux 1,802,665

PIPE 0F CEMENT OR REENFORCED GEMENI' med Jan. 1o, 1929 v r( I. Monteux/Nvluran ATTORNEYS.'

BENLIAMIN EMILE MoNrnUx, or rams,

Patented Apr. 28, 1931 LOUIS DURAND,

PIPE OF FRANCE, ASSIGNOIB. OF ONE-HABE TO PAUL OF YARIS, FRANCE CEMENTlOR REENFORCED CEIlIIEN'Il?` Application filed January 10, 1929, SerialNo. 331,589, and in France January 18, 1928.

The known pipes constructed of cement or of reenforced cement are notwater tight even at low pressures.

It has been attempted `to remedy this serious drawback by various means:

1, by increasing the density of the wall of the pipe either `by rannnlngthe material tight or by manufacturing the pipe by a centrifugalprocess. v

These suggested remedies have, however,

, been tried without success.

2, by inserting in the'wall of the pipe a thin sheet of steel bent roundand welded by the autogenous process. This process, however,necessitates manufacture of an exacting, complicated and consequentlyexpensive kind and the eiiiciency of the result depends on theautogenous welding being carried out in a reliable manner.

The principal feature of the present invention resides in producingwater tight pipes by a process which consists in coating the interiorwall of the pipe with a layer or lining which adheres to the said wallby penetrating into the pores of the cement or concrete. The ipesconstructed in this manner oder the following advantages:

l. That they are absolutely Huid tight under any pressures to which theymay be submitted, as are also the joints of said pipes.

2. hat they possess a degree of elasticity which renders it possible forthem to expand and contract, under the action of the pres sures and ofthe heat.

Moreover the lining or layer preserves the purity and the taste of thewater, inasmuch as the chemical compounds employed for sterilizationhave no action on it, since the said layer or lcoating insulates thecement or mortar from the water, which otherwise would dissolve orattack it, according to its state and its composition.

In order to obtain this result according to the invention such materialsare employed which are known by the generic name of liquid bitumen.

It is preferable to employ as the liquid bitumen the product known asbitumuls which is an emulsion in pure water of pure bitumen having beenreduced to the colloidal state.

By dissociation theysaid emulsion reduces itself to water and purebitumen. The dissociation takes place more or less quickly on contactwith the cement or the mortar or the cement concrete, which assimilatethe ,water by aiiinity, and a thin coating of pure bitumen is thusdeposited on the inner wall of the pipe.

1n the process according to the present invention rapid dissociation ofthe emulsion in the pipe is obtained, together with intimate penetrationot the bitumen in-to all the porosities of the concrete or of thecement, whereby the wall of the pipe is rendered impermeable to water.

The necessary separation may be eifected by any suitable means,particularly by the .action of centrifugal force.

The pipe itself, before being coated or lined, is manufactured fromconcrete or cement, rccnforced or not, by centrifugal treatmentaccording to any of the usual processes.

The further operation can then be conducted either by a wet method or bya dry method, as follows:

l. lVhen operating with the wet method:

The pipe proper having been produced and the residual water ejected fromthe mould, the quantity of bitumuls necessary for the water tightcoating or liningis introduced into the pipe which is still slightlydamp.

After the introduction of the charge, the

ipe is set in rotation.

The emulsion, being in contact with the concrete or cement surface andbeing subj ected to the action of the centrifugal force, rapidlydissociates into impalpable particles of pure bitumen and of water. Thebituminous molecules are thrown violently against the wall of the pipe,whereby they penetrate into the interstices of the concrete or cement,adhere there to each granule of the latter and cover the said concreteto a greater or lesser depth with a layer which fills up the porosities.of the wall and forms a lirst inside layer, consisting of aconglomerateof the concrete or cement and the bitumen and constituting in fact aspecial material. This A. layer is the penetration layer, which iscalled the conglomerate layer.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, and

y Figure 1 is a sectional View of a pipe of cement concrete according tothe invention; Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a form of joint;

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of another form of joint;

Figure 4 isA a plan view seen from above corresponding to Figure 3;

Figures 5 and 6 show the attachment of the rods to the angle iron ringof the joint shown in Figure 7 and Figure 7 is a half longitudinalsection of a form of joint.

Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 3. Fig. l of the accompanyingdrawings shows in section a pipe of cement concrete ,1, together withits reinforcment 2 and a penetration or conglomerate layer 3 of bitumenand cement. This latter layer must have a smooth inner surface andserves as a supiport and a binding means for the coating o pure bitumen,which, without the sald layer, would not adhere to the cement becausethe pure bitumen must be heated to 180O C. to be made liquid and has inthat state no adherence. A

After the residual water of the emulsion has been removed a secondquantity of bitumuls is introduced into the pipe, which second quantityserves to form a lining of l, 2 or 3 mm. thickness according torequirements.

The pipe is set in rotation; the centrifugal force breaks up theemulsion, and the pure bitumen forms on the conglomerate layer 3 a fluidtight, solid, elastic and continuous lining. j

This lining, which is inseparably connected to the conglomerate layer 3forms a working layer 4 of pure bitumen.

2. When operating with the dry method:

The operations are, in principle, the same as in the preceding method.They only differ therefrom in the quantities of bitumuls employed and inthe control of the speeds of rotation.

It is likewise possible to obtain in a single operation the simultaneousformation of the conglomerate layer7 3 and the working layer 4 byputting into the mill the quantity of bitumuls necessary for the lining.

Pouring the bitumen into the pipe while it is at rest and then settingthe pipe in motion is an elementary process.

It is necessary to obtain uniformity in the layer of bitumen, i. e.exactly equal distribution and equal compression everywhere on the walland for this purpose the bitumen caused to pass into the pipe duringrotation gradually in a continuous manner.

With this object in view the liquid bitumen is contained in a gutter d2which is introduced into the pipe near the inner wall. When the pipe isat its normal speed of rotation, the gutter empties itself gradually. Acertain relation exists between the speed at which the bitumen flows outand the speed of rotation ofthe pipe. It is obvious that the rotation ofthe gutter may be effected by various means. For example, the gutter maybe fixed to a cylinder of sheet metal which, on being turned around its.axis either by means of a crank or automatically, carries the gutterwith it, the latter also revolving aroundits axis. The turning of thegutter is an essential condition for a regular lischarge of the bitumen.

In cases where the pipe is not manufactured by centrifugal action, thelining with bitumuls can be effected by spraying on to the wall or bythe simple application of several superposed coatings. The resultobtained is, however, not so uniform as that obtained when centrifugalforce is emplo ed.

or the purpose of making joints in the fluid tight pipes manufacturedaccording to the present invention, the three methods known respectivelyas the spigot and faucet joint, the ring joint, and the anged joint, maybe employed.

The iirst method is illustrated in Fig.

section through the axis and regular 2 in longitudinal frof the pipe.The female end or faucet F is furnished with a iuid tight coating r1over the whole of its extent. On the male end or spigot M, a coating r2extends up to r3 on the outside on the part engaging with the femaleend. This external coating ra is obtained by spraying or by simpleapplication.

Between the two aforesaid ends at hot bitumen is poured in. The joint isthen completed by caulking of a bituminous strip or a ring of indiarubber, this latter material possessing the property of adher- 5 pure-ing to the bitumen.

The faucet may, if desired, be reenforced as indicated at 2 on the righthand side of the joint. 'l s In the ring method of making a vjoint thewalls ofthe pipe and of the ring form a special aggregate as shown inlongitudinal section in Fig. 3, and in Fig. 4 which is'a Vplan view seenfrom above corresponding to Fig. 3.

The walls of the pipes T1 and T2 are provided at their ends withbevellcd surfaces a., which are covered by the fluid tight coating 1,this latter extending up to the point Z) on the external surface andthus over the length of the pipe which is to be covered by the ring.

1n consequence of this arrangement an annular groove is formed betweenthe two pipes which are placed end to end, and into this groove hotbitumen g is poured, said bitumen adhering to the bitumen in the grooveand thus ensuring the Huid tightness of the joint.

In order to ensure contact and intimate connection between the fluidtight coatings 7' r, a bituminous strip or ring C is placed at thebottom of the aforesaid annular groove.

The space between the ends ofthe pipes, which amounts as a rule to about2 to 4 mm. allows of the expansions and contractions of the ipes underthe influence of variations of) temperature.

The ring member B insures the eicient connection of the two pipes,consolidates the joint and allows of bitumen being poured into thegroove. For this purpose, the said ring B is constructed in the orm of amember of reenforced concrete provided on its interior wall with a fluidtight coatin cl. The said Vring extends beyond each side of the groovethus covering both the pipes.

The ring is provided in its middle portion with a cylindrical hole hhaving a slightly greater diameter at the opening of the groove. Throughthis hole the hot bitumen g is poured. For this purpose the ring islplaced in such a position that the hole is at the upper part of thepipes opposite to the groove. A fluid tight joint is thus obtained whichpermanently7 connects the two pipes. The hole is afterwards closed bymeans of cement.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 8 the ring is moulded in place directlyinto the pipes. These latter having been placed end to end ashereinbefore described, a band t t of bituminous canvas or like coveringis laid around the roove, and the hot bitumen g is poured 1n through ahole h, as in Fig. 3 at the upper part. The canvas or covering t t isthus sealed down in the groove and the hole closed. The reinforcement isplaced on the two pipes covering them over a certain length and ametallic moulding g2 surrounds the reinforcement. The ring B thus formedthen insures the rigid attachment of the two pipes.

An angle iron anged joint is shown in Figs. 5,6 and 7. Fig. 5 shows theattachment of a rod 12 to the angle-iron ring H1.

Fig. 6 shows the whole arrangement with the angle-iron ring H1 connectedto the rods 12.

Fig. 7 is a half section taken axially showing the finished joint.

This joint is made up of two angle-irons H1 H2 which are bent round andwelded and are arranged one at each end of the pipe. The saidangle-irons are rigidly connected to the pipe by anchorage in thereenforcement (Fi s. 5 and 6). For this purpose, the reen orcing rods12, the ends of which are bent at right angles, are passed through holesbored in the angle irons at 11 and are fixed in position by caulking orriveting.

The angle irons thus form annular an es which serve to connect the twotubes Qlay means of nuts and bolts E (Fig. 7g.

In'order to render the joint uid tight the coating 1' of bitumuls isextended as shown at r., up to the angle irons H1 and H2 (Figs. 7Between the flanges an indiarubber ring t is placed which, being pressedbetween the said anges, adheres to the bitumen of the wall and thusensures the iuid tightness of the joint, whatever the pressure ma be.

he various methods of carrying out the invention set forth above areonly iven by way of example and are not of a imiting nature.

Claims- 1. An article of manufacture comprising a concrete outer pipeand a lining of said pipe consisting of pure bitumen having thecharacteristic of bitumuls, said lining being water-tight and resilientto all pressures, a conglomerate layer consisting of cement and bitumenarranged between said pipe and the lining, said conglomerate la er beingintimatel connected with the a jacent surface bot of the pipe and thelining, a ring joint for the adjacent ends of two pipes provided withbeveled edges in order to form a groove between them, said liningextending over the beveled edges and a portion of the outer surface ofthe pipe; said ring joint including an annular member fitting tightlyover said outer lining and a 'ring of bituminous material filling saidgroove between the pipe ends.

2. An article of manufacture comprising a concrete outer pipe and alining of said pipe consisting of pure bitumen havingl thecharacteristic of bitumuls, said lining being water-tight and resilientto all pressures, a ring joint for the adjacent ends of two pipesprovided with beveled edges in order to form a groove between them, saidlining extending over the beveled edges and a portion of the outersurface of the pipe; said ring joint including an annular member fittingtightly over said outer lining and a ring of iexible material fillingsaid groove between the pipe ends.

3. An article of manufacture comprising a concrete outer giipe and alining of said pipe consisting o` pure bitumen having the characteristicof bitumuls,7 said lining being water-tight and resilient to allpressures, a ring joint for the adjacent ends of two pipes provided withbeveled edges 4 Leonesa .in order to form a groove between them, saidlining extending over the beveled edges and a portion of the outerSurface of the pipe; said ring joint including an 5 annular memberfitting tightly over said outer lining and a ring of bituminous materialfilling said groove between the pipe ends, an annular strip inserted insaid groove between the edges of the adjacent 1o Plpes In testimonywhereof he has slgned this specification.

BlilNJA'lVIIN` EMILE MONTEUX.

